What is a boiler? How many types are there?
- Kong
- 16 ต.ค.
- ยาว 4 นาที
อัปเดตเมื่อ 31 ต.ค.
Nowadays, most industrial plants use steam boilers. Let's take a look at the types and types of steam boilers these plants have and why most plants need to have steam boilers.
Whai is boiler ?
What is a boiler? A boiler is a steam generator. These steam generators combust fuel in a boiler, generating steam and pressure. This pressure is then transferred to various machines within the industrial plant.
The size of a boiler depends on the amount of energy and pressure the machines require. Boilers in industrial plants are called steam generators. These steam generators are enclosed, 2 liter capacity, and maintain a pressure greater than 1.5 times atmospheric. They convert water inside the boiler into steam.
Steam generators are essential for powering various machinery, whether large or small. In factories and industrial operations, steam generators are commonly used to generate energy. For very large boilers, gas is often used as fuel to generate steam energy.
Most boilers are primarily made from carbon steel. Their structures must be designed according to engineering principles and international standards. The steam produced is used in various industries, such as:
Used for electricity generation (Electricity Power)
Used for mechanical power generation (Mechanical power from steam turbines)
Used for drying in the drying industry (Dry-out)
Used as heat in various sterilization or pasteurization processes
As we can see, boilers are widely used in all industries, from petrochemicals to buildings and hospitals. These boilers require proper engineering design and standards, and the operators must be certified and inspected by qualified engineers.
Types of boilers
There are many different types of boilers, but generally there are two main types: fire tube boilers and water tube boilers. The rest may be hybrid boilers, which are a combination of fire tubes and water tubes. Both types of boilers, fire tube and water tube, have their own advantages and disadvantages, depending on their suitability for use in that particular industry.
1. Fire Tube Boiler
A fire tube boiler is a boiler with fire in the tubes and water outside. This type of boiler has a combustion chamber, and the fire is passed through the fire tubes. Heat is exchanged from the fire to the tubes, and then from the tubes to the water. Fire tube designs include single-flow, double-flow, triple-flow, and quadruple-flow.
Generally, fire tube boilers have a pressure of no more than 150 psi and a capacity of less than 15 tons per hour. Fire tube boilers are suitable for use in railway locomotives, steamships, rice mills, paper mills, animal feed mills, and canned fruit factories.
Advantages of firetube boilers
Large water volumes provide relatively stable steam delivery.
Cheap.
Does not require high-quality water.
Disadvantages of fire tube boilers
The furnace takes a long time to ignite.
Low heat transfer efficiency.
Due to the high heat energy stored in the water, a malfunction, such as an explosion, is extremely dangerous.
Unable to produce high-pressure, high-volume steam.
2. Water Tube Boiler
Most large boilers we often see are water-tube boilers. This type of boiler has water in the tubes, and a fire outside. The principle behind its operation is that the furnace has a fire outside. The fire transfers heat to the tubes, and the tubes transfer heat to the water inside.
This type of boiler can produce pressures exceeding 150 psi and has a very high production capacity. This type of boiler is mostly used in steam turbines, sugar factories, oil refineries, petrochemical plants, or marine vessels. There are many different designs of water tube boilers, depending on the type of heat used, such as the conventional water tube type, WHBT furnace, HRSG furnace, biomass furnace, and nuclear reactor.
Advantages of Water-Tube Boilers
Good water circulation system
High heat transfer efficiency
Short ignition time
High pressure production
High steam production rate
Safer than fire-tube boilers in the event of an explosion, such as a malfunction, due to the low energy storage capacity due to multiple pipes
Disadvantages of Water-Tube Boilers
High price
High maintenance costs
If usage is inconsistent, the steam will also become unstable.
The water used must be of high quality, as scale can form.
General boiler equipment
Boilers require control devices to ensure efficient operation and safe operation. Let's learn about these devices and safety systems.
The Safety Valve (PSV) acts as a safety valve that releases pressure from the boiler if the pressure exceeds the designed limit. It must be designed to match the pressure and discharge volume, making it a crucial component for safety.
The Main Steam Valve is used to turn on and off the steam generated from production for use in various parts of the plant.
The Blow Down Steam Valve is a bottom drain valve that removes scale from the boiler, ensuring efficient operation.
The Feed Water Pump is a high-pressure water pump that feeds water into the boiler. Most commonly, a multistage pump is used.
5. Water Level Gauge/Control: Used to monitor the water level in the boiler and to control the boiler's water level.
6. Pressure Gauge: Used to monitor boiler pressure.
7. Pressure Switch: Used to control the pressure inside the boiler.
8. Burner: The burner creates a flame generated by the interaction between the fuel and air, which transfers heat to the water.
9. Insulation: Used to prevent heat leakage from the boiler, minimizing loss and preventing hazards during operation.
The use of boilers or steam generators is widely popular in factories and various industrial enterprises, as it saves energy and is environmentally friendly. However, it is crucial for users to be skilled, experienced, and knowledgeable in the use of the equipment to avoid problems and accidents.For more information
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