How many types of electrical systems ?

How many types of electrical systems are there? Nowadays, electrical systems in homes bring convenience, whether it's fans, air conditioners, or televisions, they all rely on electricity. Therefore, we should have basic knowledge about electrical systems: how many types of electrical systems are there in homes, what type of electrical system is required in homes, and how many types of electrical systems are there? Let's get to know them.

What is an electrical system?

How many types of electrical systems are there? An electrical system is the transmission of electricity from the source to the user, depending on the type of user. It is transmitted from the power station via high-voltage lines to a substation, then to a transformer, which reduces the current. It is then sent to homes, offices, or industrial plants. The electrical system typically supplied to homes is a low-voltage system. The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)'s electrical system selection is based primarily on the user's needs. The selection of the system is based on two main factors: the amount of electricity consumed and the type or number of appliances within the home.

How many types of electrical systems are there?

The question is: There are two types of electrical systems: single-phase and three-phase. These two types differ in terms of voltage. This difference leads to different electrical system applications.

Single-Phase Electrical System (Single-Phase or 1-Phase 2-Wire)

This system uses two electrical wires, which operate on alternating current (AC), with a voltage of 220-230 volts and a frequency of 50 Hz. Simply put, it consists of two incoming electrical wires. One wire carries a constant current, called the "Line (L)" wire, and the other wire remains idle, called the "Neutral (N)" wire. Imagine a single electrical outlet in your home with only two sockets. If you use a screwdriver to test one of the sockets, you'll see no reaction, as if there's no current flowing through it. However, if you plug in an appliance and turn it on, you'll see that the current flows normally. This is because all two sockets must be plugged into the sockets, and the electrical wires share two common wires, ensuring a complete electrical circuit. Some electrical outlets with three sockets are also single-phase, but the additional socket is connected to a ground wire, allowing the current to flow to the ground in the event of a power leak, enhancing safety.

Advantages of Single-Phase Electrical Installation

It is convenient to install and easy to request. The installation cost is low. However, it is not cost-effective in the long run due to its high energy consumption. However, single-phase electrical systems are ideal for household use because they provide the most optimal power supply.

3-Phase 4-Wire Electrical System

This is a 3-phase, 4-wire AC system, with 3 of the wires carrying electrical current. Simply put, there are 4 input wires: 3 are constantly energized, called "line (L)" wires, and 1 is a non-electrical wire, called "neutral (N)" wire. If the voltage between the line wires is measured, the voltage is 380-400 volts. However, if the voltage between the line wires is measured, the voltage is 230-250 volts.

Using 3-phase electricity is ideal for industrial plants that require high electricity consumption. However, if a 3-phase system is used in homes, it does not directly supply all 3 phases to individual electrical devices. Instead, it uses these 3-phases to share them in a single-phase system, thus saving electricity costs.

Advantages of Installing a Phase 3 Electrical System

Although it's difficult to obtain and requires a relatively high installation fee due to electrical insurance and installation fees, in the long run, installing a Phase 3 electrical system can significantly save you more on your electricity bill than a Phase 1 system.

Tips: Electrical System Misunderstandings

Many people often wonder why electrical systems have a phase 1 and then go straight to phase 3. Is there a phase 2 electrical system?

The answer is: There is no such thing as a phase 2 electrical system. All electrical systems have only phases 1 and 3.

What type of solar cells are suitable for home electrical systems?

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Many people, when looking to install a home electrical system, hire a technician or purchase a prefabricated house. Empty houses will automatically receive a Phase 1 electrical system. This is because the installation process is easy and the equipment costs are not too high. Therefore, if you have knowledge of electrical systems and understand your needs, you will save more on your electricity bill. However, before installing an electrical system, you will need to consider your electricity usage and the size of your home. For a small home, a Phase 1 electrical system is sufficient. On-grid solar cells are a good choice for using solar cells with a home electrical system, which can provide relatively stable electricity because they also use electricity from the power grid.

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